DATUM 一键包 — 自己构建区块

1 · 准备一台机器

一台一直开着、运行 Linux 的闲置电脑或笔记本就行。一台小型 VPSi×VPS = 虚拟专用服务器：按月向托管商租用的一台小型电脑，通过互联网控制。你已经在用的任何服务商都可以。 也可以，服务商随你选。如果是全新安装操作系统，选 Ubuntu 26.04；任何较新的 Ubuntu 或 Debian 都行。

如果机器不在你面前，打开一个终端（Windows 上用 PowerShell；Mac 上用“终端”），通过 SSH 登录它i×SSH 是在远程 Linux 机器上输入命令的标准方式。Windows 10/11、macOS 和 Linux 都内置了它。服务商的页面会告诉你用户名和密码或密钥。:

ssh ubuntu@YOUR-MACHINE-IP        # user name is often ubuntu, root or debian

从这里开始，所有内容都在那个终端里输入。如果某条命令以 sudo 开头i×sudo 以管理员（root）身份运行一条命令。安装程序和创建服务都需要它。第一次可能会要你输入登录密码。 它可能会要你输入一次密码。

2 · 运行安装脚本

两行：下载脚本，运行脚本。用按钮复制这段，粘贴到终端里。

curl -fsSLo setup-datum.sh https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bitcoinxor/datum-in-a-box/v1.9.2/setup-datum.sh
sudo bash setup-datum.sh

脚本是开源的 — 在 GitHub 上阅读：github.com/bitcoinxor/datum-in-a-box。它从官方发布页安装 Bitcoin Knots v29.4.3.knots20260508 和 ratum-gateway 0.1.66-xor.1，并核对每个下载文件的校验和i×校验和是文件作者发布的文件“指纹”。脚本会计算下载文件的指纹，不匹配就拒绝安装，因此损坏或被篡改的下载无法通过。，任何一处不匹配就拒绝继续。它永远不会删除链数据；以后再运行一次就是升级。

3 · 回答几个问题

• 你的收款地址 — 每个区块都付到这里。它必须是你掌握私钥的钱包，不要用交易所的充值地址。还没有钱包？先创建一个，十分钟就够。脚本会逐个字符检查地址 — 打错字会在开始之前就被发现。
• 给你的区块起个名字 — 最多 60 个字符。你参与找到的每个区块都会标上“Bitcoin Xor”加上你的名字，写在链上i×写进区块本身的币基交易里，因此是区块链永久记录的一部分，在任何区块浏览器上都能看到。，永久保存。
• 选择哪个 DATUM 矿池 — 按回车选择 Bitcoin Xor，再按回车用默认端点（datum.xorpool.com，美国）。如果你的机器在亚洲或欧洲，可以改填 hk.datum.xorpool.com 或 eu.datum.xorpool.com。脚本也支持任何其他 DATUM 矿池：选择 2，粘贴该矿池的 host:port 和公钥i×三个都是同一个矿池、同样的收益；HK 和 EU 是离你更近的中继。它只影响网关到矿池的连接，而那条连接对延迟不敏感，所以默认值对大多数人都合适。。
• 是否跳过初始同步？ — 直接按回车表示是。它会下载一份链的快照（约 10 GB），让节点几分钟内到达链顶，而不是同步 1–3 天i×快照是我们节点已验证链数据的一份副本（修剪过，约 10 GB）。你的节点会用公布的校验和核对它，从它开始运行，并自行验证之后的每一个区块 — 和任何区块链引导包的信任模型相同。如果你更希望节点从第 0 个区块开始验证全部历史，就选否。。

然后它会显示一个摘要；输入 y 就开始安装。两三分钟后你会看到 Done（完成）和矿机应指向的地址。

4 · 把矿机指向你的网关

在每台矿机的设置页（Goldshell、Antminer 等），把矿池设为你的机器，而不是 xorpool.com。脚本已经打印出了确切的那一行；它长这样：

点前面的词可以随便填；点后面的部分是矿机名i×给这台机器起的标签，方便你在统计里区分各台矿机。rig1、棚子左边，随你喜欢。，你会在统计里看到它。你的收款地址已经写在网关里，矿机本身不需要填。

5 · 等待节点同步

如果你选了快照，下载完成后几分钟节点就到链顶，矿机马上开始收到任务。如果你选了否，节点需要把整条链下载并校验一遍i×这叫初始同步。新节点从第一个区块开始，验证之后的每一个区块。之后它每隔几分钟只需要接收一个新区块。 — 小 VPS 上需要 1–3 天。无论哪种：让机器开着，什么都不用做；矿机可以一直指向它，节点一到链顶就会自动收到任务。

随时登录输入下面这条命令查看进度：

datum-status

它会显示同步百分比，然后是 at tip（已到链顶）iד链顶（tip）”是链上最新的区块。到达链顶的节点已完全同步，可以为你的矿机构建模板。，等矿机开始工作后再显示你的算力和被接受的份额。从那以后，你的地址会出现在 xorpool.com/datum/miner/<你的地址>，显示你在每个区块中的份额。

后悔没用快照？重新运行脚本并回答 Y，其他设置都会保留。

6 · 就这样 — 以及出问题时怎么办

• 所有服务都会自动重启，重启机器后也会自动运行。
• 以后要升级（Knots 或 ratum 出新版本），再运行一遍第 2 步的命令即可。
• 矿机提示无法连接 — 网关监听 23334 端口。如果机器或服务商有防火墙，请对你的矿机放行该端口。
• 矿机已连接但矿池上算力为 0 — 节点还没同步到链顶。datum-status 会显示进度百分比。
• 其他问题：到 Telegram，贴上 datum-status 的输出，我们帮你解决。

1 · A Windows PC that stays on

Windows 10 or 11, 64-bit, any PC that stays on and doesn’t sleep (Settings → System → Power: set sleep to Never while plugged in). The node and gateway run in the background as scheduled tasks that start with Windows, no login needed.

Your ASICs must be on the same network as the PC (or able to reach it). The script adds the one firewall rule needed (port 23334, private networks).

Already running the Bitcoin Knots wallet on that PC? Keep it. The script notices it and offers to install only the gateway, using your node: two lines go into its bitcoin.conf (RPC on, block notify; a backup is kept), the gateway logs in with the node’s cookie file, and mining happens while the wallet is open.

2 · 运行安装脚本 in PowerShell (as administrator)

Press the Windows key, type PowerShell, right-click it and choose Run as administrator. Then paste these three lines:

[Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol = [Net.SecurityProtocolType]::Tls12
cd $env:USERPROFILE\Downloads
Invoke-WebRequest https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bitcoinxor/datum-in-a-box/v1.9.2/setup-datum.ps1 -OutFile setup-datum.ps1
powershell -ExecutionPolicy Bypass -File .\setup-datum.ps1

The first line makes older Windows 10 builds use TLS 1.2 for the download; without it the download can fail with “the underlying connection was closed”. If GitHub is unreachable from your network, the same file is at https://snapshot.xorpool.com/mirror/setup-datum.ps1.

脚本是开源的 — 在 GitHub 上阅读：github.com/bitcoinxor/datum-in-a-box。它从官方发布页安装 Bitcoin Knots v29.4.3.knots20260508 和 ratum-gateway 0.1.66-xor.1 from their official Windows builds into C:\XorDatum, checks every download against its checksum and refuses to continue if anything doesn’t match. Re-running it later updates in place; chain data is kept.

3 · 回答几个问题

The same questions as the Linux script: your payout address (a wallet you hold the keys to, never an exchange deposit address — typos are caught before anything starts), a name for your blocks, the pool endpoint (Enter for the default), and whether to skip the initial sync with the chain snapshot (Enter for yes — about 12 GB, then the node is at the tip in minutes). It shows a summary; type y.

4 · Point your ASICs at the PC

The script prints the PC’s address at the end. On each miner:

点前面的词可以随便填；点后面的部分是矿机名. Your payout address is already in the gateway.

5 · Check on it

Any time, in PowerShell:

powershell -ExecutionPolicy Bypass -File C:\XorDatum\datum-status.ps1

It shows the node’s sync progress, then at tip, then your hashrate and shares. Your address then appears at xorpool.com/datum/miner/<your address>.

Logs: C:\XorDatum\logs\gateway.log and C:\XorDatum\node\debug.log. To update later, run the same three lines again. Xor Desk (the local dashboard, beta) is Linux-only for now; Windows support is next.

1 · A Mac that stays on

Any Mac on macOS 12 or newer, Apple silicon or Intel, that stays on and plugged in. A Mac mini is ideal. The node and gateway run as launchd system servicesi×launchd is the part of macOS that starts and supervises background programs. A system service starts at boot, before anyone logs in, and is restarted if it stops. that start at boot, no login needed.

The script offers to set the Mac to never sleep while plugged in (a sleeping Mac stops mining). Your ASICs must be on the same network as the Mac or able to reach it.

2 · 运行安装脚本 in Terminal

Open Terminal (Applications → Utilities, or search for it with Spotlight) and paste these two lines. It asks for your login password once, for sudo.

curl -fsSLo setup-datum-macos.sh https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bitcoinxor/datum-in-a-box/v1.9.2/setup-datum-macos.sh
sudo bash setup-datum-macos.sh

脚本是开源的 — 在 GitHub 上阅读：github.com/bitcoinxor/datum-in-a-box。它从官方发布页安装 Bitcoin Knots v29.4.3.knots20260508 和 ratum-gateway 0.1.66-xor.1 from their official macOS builds into /usr/local/xordatum, checks every download against its checksum, and needs nothing installed first: no Homebrew, no Xcode tools, no Python. It never deletes chain data; running it again later just updates.

3 · 回答几个问题

The same questions as the Linux script: your payout address (a wallet you hold the keys to, never an exchange deposit address — typos are caught before anything starts), a name for your blocks, the pool endpoint (Enter for the default), whether to skip the initial sync with the chain snapshoti×A copy of the pruned chain, published every two days. With it the node starts at the tip in minutes instead of syncing for 1-3 days. It needs a tar that reads zstd (recent macOS has one) or Homebrew's zstd; otherwise the script says so and the node syncs from scratch., and whether to keep the Mac awake while plugged in. Then a summary, and it installs.

If macOS asks whether bitcoind or ratum-gateway may accept incoming connections, click Allow: that is your ASICs reaching the gateway.

4 · Point your ASICs at the Mac

The script prints the Mac’s address at the end. On each miner:

点前面的词可以随便填；点后面的部分是矿机名. Your payout address is already in the gateway.

5 · Check on it

Any time, in Terminal:

datum-status

It shows the node’s sync progress, then at tip, then your hashrate and shares. Your address then appears at xorpool.com/datum/miner/<your address>.

Logs: /usr/local/xordatum/logs/gateway.log and /usr/local/xordatum/node/debug.log. To update later, run the same two lines again. Xor Desk (the local dashboard, beta) is Linux-only for now.

1 · Create the server, with the file pasted in

Any provider with a User data (cloud-init) box at server creation. On DigitalOcean: Create → Droplets, then:

Vultr: Startup Script or Cloud-Init User-Data. Linode: User Data under Add-ons. Hetzner: Cloud config. AWS Lightsail and EC2: Launch script / User data. Same file everywhere.

2 · Fill in your details and copy the file

Three things go into the file. Nothing else in it is yours to change, and nothing in it is secret: your payout address and tag are public on-chain anyway.

#cloud-config
# Bitcoin Xor - your own DATUM gateway in the cloud, one paste, no terminal.
#
#   1. Edit the three values under "write_files" below: your payout address, your block tag, the pool endpoint.
#   2. Create a server: Ubuntu 24.04 (or newer), 2 vCPU / 4 GB RAM / 80 GB disk, and paste this WHOLE file into the
#      provider's "User data" (cloud-init) box before you click Create. DigitalOcean: Advanced Options > User data.
#      Vultr, Linode, Hetzner and most others have the same box.
#   3. About 15 minutes after the server boots it is mining-ready: the node starts at the chain tip from a snapshot,
#      the gateway is connected to the pool. Check it at https://xorpool.com/datum/miner/<your address>, or ssh in
#      (the result is printed at login) and run:  datum-status
#   4. Point your rigs at  stratum+tcp://<server IP>:23334   worker: anything.rig1   password: x
#      Keep our pooled endpoint as pool 2 in the rigs (hk.datum.xorpool.com:23335, same worker and password) so a
#      server reboot never idles them.
#
# What this does: firewall (22 + 23334 only), 2 GB swap, unattended security updates, then the same open-source
# installer as the guide (github.com/bitcoinxor/datum-in-a-box) with your answers: Bitcoin Knots (BLAKE2b) pruned
# node + ratum-gateway as services, chain snapshot, checksums verified. Nothing but your public address and tag is in
# this file; the server sends nothing anywhere except to the pool. Log: /var/log/datum-cloud-setup.log
#
# Re-running later (update, change pool or address): ssh in and run the installer from the guide; it keeps your data.

package_update: true
packages: [ufw, curl, ca-certificates, unattended-upgrades]

write_files:
  - path: /etc/datum-cloud.env
    permissions: "0600"
    content: |
      DATUM_ADDRESS="bc1q...PUT-YOUR-PAYOUT-ADDRESS-HERE"
      DATUM_TAG="My Farm"
      DATUM_POOL="datum.xorpool.com:28915"
      # Address: a wallet you hold the keys to, never an exchange deposit address. bc1q..., bc1p..., 1... or 3...
      # Tag: letters, numbers, spaces . _ - up to 60 characters; it is written into every block you help find.
      # Pool: datum.xorpool.com:28915 (US), hk.datum.xorpool.com:28915 (Asia), eu.datum.xorpool.com:28915 (Europe).
      # Another DATUM pool: set DATUM_POOL to its host:port and add DATUM_POOL_PUBKEY="<its 128-hex key>".
  - path: /root/datum-cloud-setup.sh
    permissions: "0700"
    content: |
      #!/bin/bash
      # Runs once at first boot (from cloud-init runcmd). Everything it prints goes to the log.
      set -u
      LOG=/var/log/datum-cloud-setup.log; exec >>"$LOG" 2>&1
      V=v1.9.0
      echo "== DATUM cloud setup $(date -u +%FT%TZ)"
      finish() {   # $1 = OK|FAILED, $2 = one line of detail; shown at every ssh login and kept in /root
        IP=$(curl -fsS --max-time 10 https://api.ipify.org 2>/dev/null || hostname -I | awk '{print $1}')
        {
          echo "=============================================================================="
          echo " DATUM gateway setup: $1   ($(date -u +%FT%TZ))"
          echo " $2"
          if [ "$1" = OK ]; then
            echo " Rigs:    stratum+tcp://$IP:23334   worker: anything.rig1   password: x"
            echo " Status:  datum-status        Stats: https://xorpool.com/datum/miner/$DATUM_ADDRESS"
          fi
          echo " Log:     $LOG"
          echo "=============================================================================="
        } | tee /root/DATUM-SETUP-RESULT.txt > /etc/motd
        echo "== finished: $1"
      }
      # Firewall: ssh and the gateway port, nothing else inbound. Swap and auto-updates for a small box.
      ufw allow 22/tcp && ufw allow 23334/tcp && ufw --force enable
      if ! swapon --show | grep -q /swapfile; then
        fallocate -l 2G /swapfile && chmod 600 /swapfile && mkswap /swapfile && swapon /swapfile && echo '/swapfile none swap sw 0 0' >> /etc/fstab
      fi
      echo 'vm.swappiness=10' > /etc/sysctl.d/60-swappiness.conf; sysctl -q --system
      printf 'APT::Periodic::Update-Package-Lists "1";\nAPT::Periodic::Unattended-Upgrade "1";\n' > /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/20auto-upgrades
      set -a; . /etc/datum-cloud.env; set +a
      case "${DATUM_ADDRESS:-}" in ""|*PUT-YOUR*) finish FAILED "DATUM_ADDRESS was not filled in: edit the write_files section and create the server again"; exit 1;; esac
      # The installer, from the release tag; our mirror when GitHub is unreachable.
      curl -fsSL --max-time 120 -o /root/setup-datum.sh "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bitcoinxor/datum-in-a-box/$V/setup-datum.sh" \
        || curl -fsSL --max-time 120 -o /root/setup-datum.sh "https://snapshot.xorpool.com/mirror/setup-datum.sh" \
        || { finish FAILED "could not download the installer (no route to GitHub or the mirror)"; exit 1; }
      if bash /root/setup-datum.sh --noninteractive --snapshot; then
        finish OK "node and gateway installed from the snapshot; the node catches up its last blocks in a few minutes, then the gateway connects to $DATUM_POOL and your rigs get work"
      else
        finish FAILED "the installer stopped; the reason is at the end of the log (bad address or tag, or a download problem)"
        exit 1
      fi

runcmd:
  - [bash, /root/datum-cloud-setup.sh]

The file is open source: cloud-init.yaml in github.com/bitcoinxor/datum-in-a-box. It opens the firewall for ssh and port 23334 only, adds swap and security updates, then runs the same installer as the Easy path with your answers: Bitcoin Knots v29.4.3.knots20260508 和 ratum-gateway 0.1.66-xor.1 from their official releases, checksums verified, chain snapshot, both as services.

3 · Wait about 15 minutes

The server downloads the chain snapshot (~10 GB), starts the node at the tip and connects the gateway to the pool. You can watch it from two places:

• Your stats page: xorpool.com/datum/miner/<your address> shows your 网关标签 once it has connected.
• On the server: log in with ssh and the result is printed at login (also in /root/DATUM-SETUP-RESULT.txt). Then datum-status shows node, gateway and rigs; the log is /var/log/datum-cloud-setup.log.

If the login banner says FAILED, the last lines of that log say why: almost always a mistyped address or tag. Fix it in the file and create the server again; a fresh server is the simplest retry.

4 · Point your ASICs at the server

On each miner, the pool is your server’s public IP, shown in your provider’s panel and in the login banner:

The word before the dot can be anything; the part after it is the rig’s name and shows on your stats page. Your payout address is already in the gateway.

Set our pooled endpoint as pool 2 in every rig (stratum+tcp://hk.datum.xorpool.com:23335, worker = your address.rig1, password x) so a server reboot never idles them.

5 · Later: updates, a new address, another pool

Log in with ssh and run the two lines from the Easy path; every previous answer is offered as the default, chain data and settings are kept. Updates to Bitcoin Knots and the gateway: one line, see Update at the top of this page. Your node, your policy covers what your node relays and mines.

1 · 准备一台机器

一台闲置的 Linux 机器或一台小型 VPS — 只要一直开着就行。节点是修剪模式，同步完成后占用很小。

以下步骤假设你有一台能用 sudo 的 Ubuntu 或 Debian 机器。按顺序运行每张卡片；每张卡片是一整批命令，复制按钮会复制整张卡片。

更新系统，并创建一个服务用户i×一个没有登录 shell 的专用 Linux 用户，节点和网关以它的身份运行。万一哪个程序出了问题，它也只能碰到自己的文件，碰不到机器的其他部分。，供两个程序运行使用：

sudo apt update && sudo apt -y upgrade && sudo apt -y install curl
sudo useradd -r -m -d /var/lib/knots -s /usr/sbin/nologin knots

本教程不设置防火墙。如果你的机器或服务商有防火墙，唯一需要放行的端口是 23334（网关），而且只对你的矿机放行。节点的 RPC 只监听本机。

2 · 安装 Bitcoin Knots（BLAKE2b 分叉版）

本链运行在 Bitcoin Knots v29.4.3.knots20260508 上 — 请使用 github.com/bitcoinknots/bitcoin/releases/tag/v29.4.3.knots20260508 上的这个确切版本。更老的版本不认识分叉的工作量证明。下面的命令会为你的 CPU 选择正确的构建并核对校验和i×作者发布的文件“指纹”。sha256sum 会从你的下载重新计算，只有匹配时才打印 OK。:

cd /tmp
V=29.4.3.knots20260508; A=$(uname -m | sed 's/x86_64/x86_64-linux-gnu/; s/aarch64/aarch64-linux-gnu/')
curl -LO https://github.com/bitcoinknots/bitcoin/releases/download/v$V/bitcoin-$V-$A.tar.gz
curl -LO https://github.com/bitcoinknots/bitcoin/releases/download/v$V/SHA256SUMS
sha256sum --ignore-missing -c SHA256SUMS          # must print: bitcoin-...tar.gz: OK
tar xzf bitcoin-$V-$A.tar.gz
sudo install -m 755 bitcoin-$V/bin/bitcoind bitcoin-$V/bin/bitcoin-cli /usr/local/bin/
bitcoind --version | head -1                        # Bitcoin Knots daemon version v29.4.3.knots20260508

如果想额外验证，发布页上有用于 gpg --verify SHA256SUMS.asc 的签名密钥。

3 · 配置并同步节点

这一段写入节点配置，把它安装为服务i×systemd 服务是 Linux 让程序在后台持续运行的方式：开机自启，崩溃自动重启，用 systemctl 控制。，并启动它。把 RPCi×RPC 是节点的本地控制接口。网关用它向节点请求区块模板并提交找到的区块。它绑定在 127.0.0.1，只有本机上的程序能访问。 密码改成又长又随机的任意字符串，改在 rpcpassword= 那一行，粘贴之前改好（第 4 步还会用到）：

sudo -u knots tee /var/lib/knots/bitcoin.conf >/dev/null <<'EOF'
# /var/lib/knots/bitcoin.conf - Bitcoin Knots (BLAKE2b fork), pruned, for a DATUM gateway
server=1
disablewallet=1
prune=2000
txindex=0
dbcache=2000            # speeds up the first sync; lower to 400 afterwards if RAM is tight
maxmempool=200
# RPC - local only; the gateway logs in with these
rpcbind=127.0.0.1
rpcallowip=127.0.0.1
rpcuser=knots
rpcpassword=CHANGE-ME-to-a-long-random-string
# Peers: the fork has no DNS seeds of its own, so start from the pool's public nodes and let gossip do the rest
dnsseed=0
fixedseeds=0
addnode=stratum.xorpool.com:18901
addnode=datum.xorpool.com:8333
# Tell the gateway the instant a new block arrives (keeps your miners off stale work)
blocknotify=/usr/bin/pkill -USR1 ratum-gateway
EOF
sudo tee /etc/systemd/system/knotsd.service >/dev/null <<'EOF'
[Unit]
Description=Bitcoin Knots (BLAKE2b fork, pruned)
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target

[Service]
User=knots
Group=knots
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/bitcoind -datadir=/var/lib/knots -conf=/var/lib/knots/bitcoin.conf
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5
TimeoutStopSec=180

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
sudo systemctl daemon-reload && sudo systemctl enable --now knotsd

它现在开始从头同步链i×prune=2000 让节点在验证完区块后只保留最新的约 2 GB 原始区块，所以节点只占约 14 GB 而不是几百 GB。两行 addnode 是它找到分叉网络的方式：分叉没有自己的 DNS 种子，所以先连矿池的公共节点，再从它们那里学到其他节点。。随时用这条命令查看进度：

sudo -u knots bitcoin-cli -datadir=/var/lib/knots getblockchaininfo | grep -E 'blocks|verificationprogress'

从头同步在 2 核 VPS 上需要 1–3 天（分叉前的完整比特币历史，再加上分叉后的区块）。它无人值守地运行，你可以同时做第 4 步。或者用快照跳过它 — 我们节点已验证的修剪链的一份副本（约 10 GB）i×和任何区块链引导包的信任模型相同：你信任这份到快照高度为止的历史副本，核对它的校验和，之后的每个区块由你的节点自行验证。公布的区块哈希可以在任何区块浏览器上交叉核对。。下面的命令会下载它、核对校验和、替换进去并确认区块哈希：

cd /var/tmp && curl -fsS https://snapshot.xorpool.com/latest.json -o latest.json
F=$(python3 -c 'import json;print(json.load(open("latest.json"))["file"]')
curl -fL -C - -o $F https://snapshot.xorpool.com/$F
echo "$(python3 -c 'import json;print(json.load(open("latest.json"))["sha256"]')  $F" | sha256sum -c   # must print: OK - stop here if it doesn't
sudo apt -y install zstd
sudo systemctl stop knotsd && sudo rm -rf /var/lib/knots/blocks /var/lib/knots/chainstate
sudo tar -C /var/lib/knots --use-compress-program=unzstd -xf $F && sudo chown -R knots:knots /var/lib/knots
sudo systemctl start knotsd && rm -f $F
H=$(python3 -c 'import json;print(json.load(open("latest.json"))["height"]'); sleep 20
sudo -u knots bitcoin-cli -datadir=/var/lib/knots getblockhash $H; python3 -c 'import json;print(json.load(open("latest.json"))["block_hash"]')   # the two hashes must match

之后节点几分钟内就会到达链顶。快照每两天重建；latest.json 始终指向当前的那一个。

4 · 安装 DATUM 网关（ratum）

ratum-gateway 是为本链编写的开源（AGPL）DATUM 网关：它从你的节点构建模板，并通过 Stratum 向 BLAKE2b 矿机发送 164 字节的 v2 区块头i×Stratum 是矿机与矿池或网关通信的协议：网关发任务，矿机交回份额（证明它在工作的“接近命中”），偶尔交回一个真正的区块。。预编译的静态二进制在发布页；下面的命令会获取正确的那个并核对：

cd /tmp
R=0.1.66-xor.1; A=$(uname -m | sed 's/x86_64/x86_64-linux-musl/; s/aarch64/aarch64-linux-musl/')
curl -LO https://github.com/bitcoinxor/xor-ratum/releases/download/v$R/ratum-gateway-$R-$A.tar.gz
curl -LO https://github.com/bitcoinxor/xor-ratum/releases/download/v$R/ratum-gateway-$R-$A.tar.gz.sha256
sha256sum -c ratum-gateway-$R-$A.tar.gz.sha256      # must print: OK
tar xzf ratum-gateway-$R-$A.tar.gz
sudo install -m 755 $(find . -name ratum-gateway -type f | head -1) /usr/local/bin/ratum-gateway
ratum-gateway --version

接下来是配置。粘贴之前有三处需要你改 — 其他都已经指向本矿池：

• rpcpassword — 你在第 3 步写进 bitcoin.conf 的密码。
• mining.pool_address — 你自己的地址（你掌握私钥的钱包，不要用交易所地址）。每个区块都付到这里。
• coinbase_tag_secondary — 你的名字，最多 60 个字符。你参与找到的区块会标上 Bitcoin Xor 加上它，永久写在链上。coinbase_tag_primary 也填同样的名字。

sudo mkdir -p /etc/ratum
sudo tee /etc/ratum/gateway.json >/dev/null <<'EOF'
{
  "bitcoind": {
    "rpcurl": "http://127.0.0.1:8332",
    "rpcuser": "knots",
    "rpcpassword": "the-same-password-as-in-bitcoin.conf",
    "work_update_seconds": 40,
    "notify_fallback": true
  },
  "mining": {
    "pool_address": "bc1qYOUR-OWN-ADDRESS",
    "coinbase_tag_primary": "YOUR NAME",
    "coinbase_tag_secondary": "YOUR NAME"
  },
  "stratum": {
    "listen_addr": "0.0.0.0",
    "listen_port": 23334
  },
  "datum": {
    "pool_host": "datum.xorpool.com",
    "pool_port": 28915,
    "pool_pubkey": "b83aedbba54ba2aa605c76859d97aebd16dece3284402b9fc874778a974da4acbb449f6ccda61625d700036f0487a05f5184f79a07abf2880da77352f4cc487e",
    "pool_url": "https://xorpool.com/datum",
    "pool_pass_full_users": false,
    "pool_pass_workers": true,
    "gateway_fee_bps": 0,
    "pooled_mining_only": true
  },
  "api": {
    "listen_addr": "127.0.0.1",
    "listen_port": 8000
  }
}
EOF
sudo chown -R knots:knots /etc/ratum && sudo chmod 640 /etc/ratum/gateway.json
sudo tee /etc/systemd/system/ratum-gateway.service >/dev/null <<'EOF'
[Unit]
Description=ratum-gateway (DATUM, stratum 23334)
After=network-online.target knotsd.service
Wants=network-online.target

[Service]
User=knots
Group=knots
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/ratum-gateway -c /etc/ratum/gateway.json
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
sudo systemctl daemon-reload && sudo systemctl enable --now ratum-gateway
sleep 3; journalctl -u ratum-gateway -n 20 --no-pager

最后一行会打印网关最初的几行日志；你要看到的是与矿池的握手：

INFO  [ratum_gateway::datum] connecting to DATUM pool datum.xorpool.com:28915
INFO  [ratum_gateway::datum] DATUM pool configuration: prime_id 0x00000001, tag "Bitcoin Xor", min diff ...
INFO  [ratum_gateway::datum] DATUM pool anti-block-withholding: enabled

节点到达链顶后，你还会每 ~40 秒以及每个新区块看到一行 Stratum job ... ready。在此之前它会提示在等待节点 — 这是正常的。

参数含义：pool_pass_workers 把你的全部算力记到 pool_address 名下，并把每台矿机的名字传给统计。（如果希望每台矿机分别付到各自的地址，改用 pool_pass_full_users: true — 那样矿机的用户名必须就是那个地址。）gateway_fee_bps: 0 表示没有网关费 — 网关就是你自己。pooled_mining_only 表示矿池连接断开时暂停出任务，而不是发过期任务。

5 · 把矿机指向你的网关

在每台矿机（Goldshell、Antminer 等）上，把矿池设为你的网关，而不是 xorpool.com：

点后面的部分是你在统计里看到的矿机名；按上面的配置，点前面的部分可以随便填（收益按 pool_address 记账）。

检查是否正常：网关的状态页在机器本地的 http://127.0.0.1:8000/（通过 SSH 隧道访问：ssh -L 8000:127.0.0.1:8000 你@你的机器），提交第一个份额后几分钟内，你的地址就会出现在支付窗口：xorpool.com/datum/miner/<你的地址>。

6 · 保持运行

• 两个服务都会自动重启，重启机器后也会恢复（systemctl enable 已经做了这件事）。
• 首次同步完成后，如果内存紧张，把 bitcoin.conf 里的 dbcache 降到 400，然后 sudo systemctl restart knotsd。
• 日志：journalctl -u knotsd -f 和 journalctl -u ratum-gateway -f。
• 升级：Knots 或 ratum 发布新版本时，重复第 2 步或第 4 步并重启服务。关注 Telegram 了解涉及共识的版本。

7 · 出问题时怎么办

• 网关提示没有任务 / 在等待节点 — 节点还没到链顶，或者模板里没有分叉规则。检查：sudo -u knots bitcoin-cli -datadir=/var/lib/knots getblocktemplate '{"rules":["segwit","blake2b"]}' | grep -A6 rules 的输出必须包含 !blake2b。
• 节点没有节点连接、卡住不动 — 确认两行 addnode 都在、出站流量没被拦；sudo -u knots bitcoin-cli -datadir=/var/lib/knots getconnectioncount 应该 > 0。
• 份额被拒：BadUsername — pool_address（或矿机用户名，如果你启用了 pool_pass_full_users）不是本链上的有效地址。把 bc1q… 打成 bc1g… 之类的笔误正是这种情况。
• 小 VPS 上网关日志里出现 RPC 超时 — 通常是节点正在验证新区块，偶尔出现无妨。如果持续出现，给节点更多内存/dbcache，或减少 maxconnections。
• 矿机无法连接 — 矿机和网关之间有东西拦住了 23334 端口（机器上或服务商的防火墙）。在矿机所在网络用 nc -vz 你的网关IP 23334 测试。

还是不行？到 Telegram 问 — 我们很乐意陪你一步步排查。